The
first known neurophysiologic recordings of animals were performed by Richard
Caton in 1875. The advent of recording the electrical activity of human beings
took another half century to occur. Hans Berger, a German psychiatrist,
pioneered the EEG in humans in 1924. The EEG is an electrophysiological
technique for the recording of electrical activity arising from the human
brain. Given its exquisite temporal sensitivity, the main utility of EEG is in
the evaluation of dynamic cerebral functioning. EEG is particularly useful for
evaluating patients with suspected seizures, epilepsy, and unusual spells. With
certain exceptions, practically all patients with epilepsy will demonstrate
characteristic EEG alterations during an epileptic seizure (ictal, or during-seizure,
recordings). Most epilepsy patients also show characteristic interictal (or
between-seizure) epileptiform discharges (IEDs) termed spike (<70 µsec
duration), spike and wave, or sharp-wave (70–200 µsec duration) discharges.
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