Background: There are a variety of collateral routes to compensate persistent cerebral ischemia in moyamoya disease. However, there is no report presenting the persistent primitive olfactory artery (POA) as a spontaneous collateral route to the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) in moyamoya disease. Methods: We precisely examined cerebral angiography in 84 patients with moyamoya disease to identify the collateral channel through the persistent POA. Its anatomy was evaluated on pre- and postoperative angiography.
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