L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists mitigate hearing loss and modify ribbon synapse morphology in...

L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists mitigate hearing loss and modify ribbon synapse morphology in..., ABSTRACT The mariner (myo7aa–/–) mutant is a zebrafish model for Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1). To further characterize hair cell synaptic elements in myo7aa–/– mutants, we focused on the ribbon synapse and evaluated ultrastructure, number and distribution of immunolabeled ribbons, and postsynaptic densities., ABSTRACT

The mariner (myo7aa^–/–) mutant is a zebrafish model for Usher syndrome type 1 (USH1). To further characterize hair cell synaptic elements in myo7aa^–/– mutants, we focused on the ribbon synapse and evaluated ultrastructure, number and distribution of immunolabeled ribbons, and postsynaptic densities. By transmission electron microscopy, we determined that myo7aa^–/– zebrafish have fewer glutamatergic vesicles tethered to ribbon synapses, yet maintain a comparable ribbon area. In myo7aa^–/– hair cells, immunolocalization of Ctbp2 showed fewer ribbon-containing cells in total and an altered distribution of Ctbp2 puncta compared to wild-type hair cells. myo7aa^–/– mutants have fewer postsynaptic densities – as assessed by MAGUK immunolabeling – compared to wild-type zebrafish. We quantified the circular swimming behavior of myo7aa^–/– mutant fish and measured a greater turning angle (absolute smooth orientation). It has previously been shown that L-type voltage-gated calcium channels are necessary for ribbon localization and occurrence of postsynaptic density; thus, we hypothesized and observed that L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists change behavioral and synaptic phenotypes in myo7aa^–/– mutants in a drug-specific manner. Our results indicate that treatment with L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists alter hair cell synaptic elements and improve behavioral phenotypes of myo7aa^–/– mutants. Our data support that L-type voltage-gated calcium channel agonists induce morphological changes at the ribbon synapse – in both the number of tethered vesicles and regarding the distribution of Ctbp2 puncta – shift swimming behavior and improve acoustic startle response.

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